How Michigan medical marijuana testing works
A major part of Michigan's new regulations on medical marijuana involve lab testing for safety compliance.
In the past, marijuana testing hasn't been required by the state. Now, it's a new aspect of the medical marijuana industry in Michigan and, no -- testing does not involve anything like puff, puff, pass.
Labs for testing marijuana look exactly like a lab you'd find at a university or research facility: there's an eyewash station, hoods, microscopes and equipment whirring away.
Tests on marijuana and marijuana-derived products determine how potent the product is and how much THC or CBD the product contains. The results will be printed on the package. Testing also is also intended to assure consumers that the product is free of contaminants, most pesticides, mold, fungus, heavy metals and bacteria that could especially hurt sick patients, like E.coli and salmonella.
"The goal is so consumers know what they're buying," said Kris Krane, executive director of 4Front, a medical marijuana industry advisory firm.
PSI Labs -- one of the first labs in Michigan to be licensed -- is discreetly tucked inside an Ann Arbor industrial park. The distinct smell of marijuana isn't detectable outside, but greets you once you walk in the door.
The lab is led by Lev Spivak-Birndorf, a research scientist, and Ben Rosman, an attorney with a background in Michigan medical marijuana law.
It's one of the first labs in Michigan to gain approval for a state license this summer, a critical step in ensuring the new regulated medical marijuana program launches in the state.
After Sept. 15, all marijuana products sold at a provisioning center have to be tested at a licensed lab like PSI.
"We can test at multiple points, but the vast majority of testing we're going to do is after the harvest, after it is dried and cured," Rosman said.
Technicians will visit growers to randomly sample their harvest.
In the lab, staff examines buds underneath a microscope to look for pests like spider mites and mold, mildew or fungus -- common friends of marijuana plants. When pests are present, the whole harvest can't be sold for smoking. There can be other uses for the flowers.
Then the flowers are broken down, dissolved in liquid and tested for potency, pesticides and heavy metals. Michigan has banned the use of a number of common pesticides in medical marijuana.
"No one was testing to air their dirty laundry before," Spivak-Birndorf said. "Because it's expensive and essentially tells people, 'I'm using this pesticide or that pesticide.' So this will be really good to help eliminate some of the common pesticides that are used."
The lab has to give its approval to the quality of the flowers before they can be sold for smoking, or sent to a processor to be turned into oils or other extracts.
With marijuana extracts and concentrates -- like vape fluid -- the oils and liquids are tested for potency and for residual solvents that were used in the extraction process.
"It would come back to us again to test for solvents, and then to double check if anything has been concentrated to unsafe levels," Rosman said.
Oils can then be used to make edibles -- which are also tested to make sure they have been dosed correctly. That's easier said than done, as lab technicians have to determine what's in the edible in order to break it down for analysis.
Cookies, brownies, gummies and hard candies are smashed into pieces with a mallet -- not your standard piece of lab equipment -- and then dissolved into a liquid. Edibles are tested primarily for THC potency. The results are ultimately printed on the packaging.
Though medical marijuana has been legal since 2008 in the state, it has not been regulated as an industry until now. The first businesses in the state were approved for licenses this summer, and officials are requiring
all product sold after Sept. 15 to be grown, tested, processed and sold by a business with a license.
To date, 16 businesses have been approved for licenses and 10 have been issued, according to the state's licensing bureau.
The launch of the licensed industry in Michigan could experience similar growing pains to the industry in California, where testing labs have served as an initial pinch point for the flow of product from growers to shops, said Kris Krane, a medical marijuana industry expert.
In California, officials required all products that were sold to be tested at a licensed lab -- which has created a massive backlog for products as there are only three labs qualified to do so, Krane said.
"It's a problem that will fix itself," Krane said, explaining that businesses are still being licensed and is just a sign of growing pains for the industry.
As Michigan officials prepare to institute a similar
deadline Sept. 15, Krane said: "You're very likely to see Michigan experience something similar."